The Amazing Human Body
How could the human body have evolved? The human body is composed of
206 bones
600 muscles
10,000 nerve fibers
2 million optic nerve fibers
100 billion nerve cells
30 trillion blood cells
300 million feet of blood vessels and capillaries
All coordinated to work together and
All fitted in the right place in the body.
The eye, containing 7 million cones and 100 million rods, just happens (by chance?) to be located next to the brain.
Eyelids just happen to be located over the eye. Without moveable eyelids you would be blind.
Eyelashes just happen to be located on the end of the eyelids to protect the eyes.
The ears just happen to be able to transmit vibrations the brain. People speak words, which send vibrations that hit the ear drums, which miraculously transfer the signals to the brain, which interprets the words so you can understand them. (By chance, or design by a Creator?)
The nose just happens to be located near the brain, making smell possible.
The mouth just happens to have teeth in it to break up the food (teeth could have "evolved" on the elbow)
The mouth just happens to have a tongue in it to help break down the food.
The tongue just happens to have taste buds on it so we can enjoy eating food. Imagine what it would be like to not be able to taste. Yet these tiny sensors detect flavors in various foods and transmit this information to your brain, so that you can enjoy your meal! (By chance, or design by a Creator?)
The tongue just happens to have saliva glands to help digest the food.
The jawbone just happens to be able to move so chewing food is possible. (What if you couldn't chew?)
The mouth just happens to be connected to the esophagus, which moves the food downward rather than upward.
The esophagus just happens to lead to the stomach, rather than to the brain.
The stomach just happens to digest food so the rest of the body can stay healthy. (Without the digestive system, no one would live)
The lungs just happen to be able to exact oxygen from the air. (How does it know to take the oxygen rather than nitrogen?)
The heart just happens to be able to involuntarily pump blood at the correct flow rate. (How does it know to keep beating on time?)
The blood vessels and arteries just happen to be networked together to work with the heart.
The muscles just happen to be coordinated together to work with the brain so we can walk, write, etc.
The reproductive system just happens to require the opposite sex to reproduce.
All of the bones, muscles, blood vessels, and organs are all coordinated together to function harmoniously! Evolution says it all happened by chance, without a Creator. A computer has many complex parts, all coordinated together for it to work. Yet it would be foolish to believe that an intelligent person didn't design and create it.
Consider the complexity of the human body. (The following information comes from DARWIN'S DILEMMA by Robert Gange, Ph.D. A listing of Robert Gange's publications may be found at http://www.genesisfoundation.org )
The Miracle of Breathing
Consider the way oxygen passes through our bodies. It begins with an involuntary action called breathing. Each breath starts when groups of electrical signals from the brain reach a muscle called the diaphragm. This muscle spans the lower part of our body above the abdomen. When activated, it moves downward, thereby lowering pressure within our lungs below that of the atmosphere (nominally 14.7 pounds per square inch). This pressure difference causes air to flow into our lungs so that the pressure may be equalized.
Diaphragm Boundaries
If we were to design this system, what would we need to know? For example, the forces generated within the diaphragm are successful in moving it downward only because its boundaries are fixed. The diaphragm is attached to our breastbone in the front, our spine in the rear, and to the inside of each of our lower three ribs on both sides. In order to specify the strength and location of electrical signals that are appropriate for breathing, we would need to know the size of the diaphragm, and just how far its muscle tissue moves in response to the incoming electrical signals. We would also need to know how much force can be applied at the points where it is attached along the breastbone, spine and ribs. Otherwise the diaphragm's motion might rip these points apart, and cause tissue to undergo self-destruction.
The Lungs
How large must the lungs be? That depends on the percentage of oxygen in the air, and the efficiency with which it passes through lung tissue and into the blood. For example, if our lungs were to pass one half their oxygen to the blood, they would only be 50 percent efficient. Our atmosphere has 21 percent oxygen by volume, and we typically breathe about 20 cubic feet of air daily. Lung tissue consists of about 600 million tiny sacs called "alveoli." Although each is only 4 thousandths of an inch in diameter, in total, they represent an area the size of a racket ball court. Each sac is a highly complex machine that processes air it receives from inside the lung, extracts the oxygen, and then passes the oxygen into the blood. The electrical signals, diaphragm muscle, lung tissue, skeletal structure, and the various properties of each including size, location, response, strength, and efficiency all must work in harmony with each of the others for the system to function properly.
Blood Requirements
In order to burn oxygen, we must get it to the cells. Oxygen isn't easily carried by a liquid. It prematurely burns by reacting with virtually everything that it contacts. This premature burning disables oxygen from being burned at its final destination in cells. But the blood that flows through our body is no ordinary liquid. It has truly remarkable properties that allow large quantities of oxygen to be transported from the lungs, and to countless billions of body cells.
The blood in each of our bodies contains about 30 trillion cells. These differ from normal body cells in that they have no nucleus (except when they first form). Each of these 30 trillion red blood cells have about 270 million very special, highly intricate chemical structures called "protein molecules." Totaling almost ten thousand million trillion, they each contain a ring that is composed of carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen. The rings are afloat in the blood stream, and a cluster of four iron atoms sits at the center of each of the rings. This cluster, in turn, provides a seat for two very privileged guests: a pair of oxygen atoms that sustain life by ultimately being burned in the cell they are destined to reach. But the cluster of iron atoms surrounds the oxygen in a way that protects it from premature burning until it reaches its final destination!
This incredibly designed molecule is called "hemoglobin," and it enables an amazing amount of oxygen to be carried from the lungs, and to the body cells by the blood. Were it not for the astounding orchestration of numerous electrical, mechanical and chemical properties that have been interwoven among trillions of these intricate, microscopic structures, our hearts would need to pump 50 thousand gallons of blood through our bodies each day at almost 5 times atmospheric pressure. Since our bodies disallow this, a change in blood fluid properties would necessitate changes in the electrical signals, diaphragm muscle, lung tissue, skeletal structure, and so forth.
Blood is carrying oxygen to our body cells at the present rate of about 2000 gallons per day. But if it were half this number, we would then need to readjust all of the other systems' parameters to satisfy the demand for oxygen by the cells. It would do us no good to change just one of the parameters, say, lung size or atmospheric oxygen content. The reason is that each system component is functionally related to all the others and quantitatively impacts the way they perform. A change anywhere means a change everywhere!
The Heart and Arteries
To specify the flow rate of blood, we must know the number, diameter and distribution of all the arteries. Our body has an arterial network which covers about 60,000 miles. As incredible as it sounds, a typical heart is just larger than a fist and weighs only eleven ounces! Yet, on average, it reliably pumps 2000 gallons of blood daily for over 70 years.
The Brain
A typical heart beats over 100,000 times each day. This totals about 2 billion beats in a lifetime. However, the rate at which these complex cycles of contractions and expansions occur is controlled by electrical signals from the brain.
All these systems must work in perfect harmony for the human body to live. Now do you really believe that these different parts of the body evolved by accident, without any intelligence behind them?
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